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Encoders and decoders

Base32 Encoder / Decoder

Convert text to Base32 and back, including TOTP / 2FA secret keys.

  • Runs in your browser
  • Instant results
  • Free, no sign-up
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How to use the Base32 Encode / Decode

  1. Choose Encode or Decode.
  2. Pick the alphabet and padding.
  3. Paste the text and copy the result.

Frequently asked questions

Where is Base32 used?

In 2FA secrets (TOTP), some file systems, and anywhere case-insensitive, URL-safe text is needed.

What is Crockford Base32?

A variant that avoids confusing letters (I, L, O, U) and is easier for people to read aloud.

Why is Base32 longer than Base64?

Each character holds 5 bits instead of 6, so the output is about 20% longer.

Base64 DecoderDecode Base64 and Base64URL to text or files, and encode text to Base64. Detects images and PDFs and lets you download them. UTF-8 safe. Text to Binary ConverterConvert text to binary, hex, octal or decimal byte codes and back. Uses UTF-8, so accents and emoji work.

Practice Python with coding challenges

Solve hands-on problems right in this editor: run the sample tests, submit, and get an AI code review.

All Python challenges
Easy

Average of Three

Average three whole numbers.

You'll learn ArithmeticDivision
BeginnerLearning-pathVariables
Python C++ C#
1 solved
View solutions (1)
Easy

Rectangle Perimeter

Compute the perimeter of a rectangle from its sides.

You'll learn ArithmeticReturn values
BeginnerLearning-pathVariables
Python C++ C#
1 solved
View solutions (1)
Medium

One Generation of a Genetic Algorithm

Breed the next generation of bit strings with tournament selection, single-point crossover and mutation.

You'll learn Genetic algorithmsEvolutionary search
OptimizationSimulationai
Python C++ C#
0 solved
No solutions yet
Easy

Epsilon-Greedy Multi-Armed Bandit

Balance exploration and exploitation on a multi-armed bandit with epsilon-greedy action selection.

You'll learn Explore vs exploitBandits
Reinforcement learningaimachine learning
Python C++ C#
0 solved
No solutions yet
Easy

Markov Chain State Distribution

Propagate a probability distribution through a Markov chain's transition matrix for a number of steps.

You'll learn Markov chainsProbability
Simulationaimath
Python C++ C#
0 solved
No solutions yet
Medium

Value Iteration

Compute how valuable each state of a Markov decision process is by repeatedly applying the Bellman optimality update.

You'll learn Bellman equationMDPs
Reinforcement learningaimachine learning
Python C++ C#
0 solved
No solutions yet
Medium

Q-Learning Updates

Apply the Q-learning update to a stream of experiences and watch rewards flow back to earlier states.

You'll learn Q-learningDiscounted rewards
Reinforcement learningaimachine learning
Python C++ C#
0 solved
No solutions yet
Medium

Alpha-Beta Pruning

Evaluate a game tree with minimax and alpha-beta pruning, and count how many leaves the search really looks at.

You'll learn Alpha-beta pruningGame search
RecursionTreesai
Python C++ C#
0 solved
No solutions yet
Medium

Minimax Tic-Tac-Toe

Pick the perfect tic-tac-toe move by searching the whole game tree with minimax.

You'll learn MinimaxGame trees
Recursionai
Python C++ C#
0 solved
No solutions yet
Medium

A* Search on a Weighted Grid

Find the cheapest path across a grid of terrain costs with A*, the search algorithm behind game and robot pathfinding.

You'll learn A* searchHeuristics
GraphsGridsShortest-pathai
Python C++ C#
0 solved
No solutions yet
Medium

Temperature and Top-K Sampling

Choose the next token like a language model does: keep the top k logits, apply temperature, and sample.

You'll learn Text generationSampling
aimachine learning
Python C++ C#
0 solved
No solutions yet
Hard

Multi-Head Self-Attention

Project the input into queries, keys and values, run attention in several heads in parallel, and combine them.

You'll learn Multi-head attentionMatrix projections
aimachine learning
Python C++ C#
0 solved
No solutions yet